[isabelle-dev] Merge-Sort Implementation (and a question on induction_schema)
Christian Urban
urbanc at in.tum.de
Wed Nov 2 13:08:58 CET 2011
I was about to suggest the same as Andreas. For what it is
worth, here is my proof of this lemma.
lemma sorted_merge_induct[consumes 1, case_names Nil IH]:
fixes key::"'b => 'a"
assumes "sorted (map key xs)"
and "!!xs. P xs []"
and "!!xs y ys. sorted (map key xs) ==> P (dropWhile (%x. key x <= key y) xs) ys ==> P xs (y#ys)"
shows "P xs ys"
using assms(2-3) assms(1)
apply(induction_schema)
apply(case_tac ys)
apply(auto)[2]
apply(metis map_append sorted_append takeWhile_dropWhile_id)
apply(lexicographic_order)
done
Christian
Christian Sternagel writes:
> Hi once more,
>
> I ironed out the apply-style snippets and simplified some proofs. Also
> Christian's pointer to induction_schema significantly shortened the
> proof of an induction schema I use (sequences_induct).
> "induction_schema" is really useful! However, another induction schema
> (merge_induct) seems to be "wrong" for induction_schema. Maybe because
> of an additional assumption? Any ideas?
>
> cheers
>
> chris
>
> On 10/30/2011 08:50 PM, Christian Sternagel wrote:
> > Hi again,
> >
> > stability (the third property required by @{thm
> > properties_for_sort_key}) did actually cause some difficulties ;)
> >
> > Hence the attached theory has rough parts in some proofs. But since I
> > spent the most part of the weekend on the proof, I decided to post it
> > anyway. Finally I can sleep well again ;)
> >
> > have fun,
> >
> > chris
> >
> > On 10/27/2011 03:30 PM, Florian Haftmann wrote:
> >>> Indeed, that would be the obvious next step. I have not tried yet but
> >>> would not expect too hard difficulties. If this is of general interest I
> >>> can try.
> >>
> >> Well, if you want to superseed the existing quicksort, you have to
> >> provide the same generality ;-)
> >>
> >> Florian
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> isabelle-dev mailing list
> >> isabelle-dev at in.tum.de
> >> https://mailmanbroy.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/mailman/listinfo/isabelle-dev
> >>
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > isabelle-dev mailing list
> > isabelle-dev at in.tum.de
> > https://mailmanbroy.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/mailman/listinfo/isabelle-dev
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> (*
> Copyright 2011 Christian Sternagel, René Thiemann
>
> This file is part of IsaFoR/CeTA.
>
> IsaFoR/CeTA is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
> terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software
> Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
> version.
>
> IsaFoR/CeTA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
> WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
> PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
>
> You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along
> with IsaFoR/CeTA. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
> *)
> theory Efficient_Sort
> imports "~~/src/HOL/Library/Multiset"
> begin
>
> section {* GHC version of merge sort *}
>
> context linorder
> begin
>
> text {*
> Split a list into chunks of ascending and descending parts, where
> descending parts are reversed. Hence, the result is a list of
> sorted lists.
> *}
> fun sequences :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list list"
> and ascending :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> ('b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list) \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list list"
> and descending :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list list"
> where
> "sequences key (a#b#xs) = (if key a > key b
> then descending key b [a] xs
> else ascending key b (op # a) xs)"
> | "sequences key xs = [xs]"
>
> | "ascending key a f (b#bs) = (if \<not> key a > key b
> then ascending key b (f \<circ> op # a) bs
> else f [a] # sequences key (b#bs))"
> | "ascending key a f bs = f [a] # sequences key bs"
>
> | "descending key a as (b#bs) = (if key a > key b
> then descending key b (a#as) bs
> else (a#as) # sequences key (b#bs))"
> | "descending key a as bs = (a#as) # sequences key bs"
>
> fun merge :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list" where
> "merge key (a#as) (b#bs) = (if key a > key b
> then b # merge key (a#as) bs
> else a # merge key as (b#bs))"
> | "merge key [] bs = bs"
> | "merge key as [] = as"
>
> fun merge_pairs :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'b list list \<Rightarrow> 'b list list" where
> "merge_pairs key (a#b#xs) = merge key a b # merge_pairs key xs"
> | "merge_pairs key xs = xs"
>
> lemma length_merge[simp]:
> "length (merge key xs ys) = length xs + length ys"
> by (induct xs ys rule: merge.induct) simp_all
>
> lemma merge_pairs_length[simp]:
> "length (merge_pairs key xs) \<le> length xs"
> by (induct xs rule: merge_pairs.induct) simp_all
>
> fun merge_all :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'b list list \<Rightarrow> 'b list" where
> "merge_all key [] = []"
> | "merge_all key [x] = x"
> | "merge_all key xs = merge_all key (merge_pairs key xs)"
>
> lemma set_merge[simp]:
> "set (merge key xs ys) = set xs \<union> set ys"
> by (induct xs ys rule: merge.induct) auto
>
> lemma sorted_merge[simp]:
> assumes "sorted (map key xs)" and "sorted (map key ys)"
> shows "sorted (map key (merge key xs ys))"
> using assms by (induct xs ys rule: merge.induct) (auto simp: sorted_Cons)
>
> lemma multiset_of_merge[simp]:
> "multiset_of (merge key xs ys) = multiset_of xs + multiset_of ys"
> by (induct xs ys rule: merge.induct) (auto simp: ac_simps)
>
> lemma sorted_merge_pairs[simp]:
> assumes "\<forall>x\<in>set xs. sorted (map key x)"
> shows "\<forall>x\<in>set (merge_pairs key xs). sorted (map key x)"
> using assms by (induct xs rule: merge_pairs.induct) simp_all
>
> lemma multiset_of_merge_pairs[simp]:
> "multiset_of (concat (merge_pairs key xs)) = multiset_of (concat xs)"
> by (induct xs rule: merge_pairs.induct) (auto simp: ac_simps)
>
> lemma sorted_merge_all:
> assumes "\<forall>x\<in>set xs. sorted (map key x)"
> shows "sorted (map key (merge_all key xs))"
> using assms by (induct xs rule: merge_all.induct) simp_all
>
> lemma multiset_of_merge_all[simp]:
> "multiset_of (merge_all key xs) = multiset_of (concat xs)"
> by (induct xs rule: merge_all.induct) (auto simp: ac_simps)
>
> lemma
> shows sorted_sequences: "\<forall>x\<in>set (sequences key xs). sorted (map key x)"
> and "\<lbrakk>\<forall>x\<in>set (f []). key x \<le> key a; sorted (map key (f [])); \<forall>xs ys. f (xs at ys) = f xs @ ys;
> \<forall>x. f [x] = f [] @ [x]\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> \<forall>x\<in>set (ascending key a f xs). sorted (map key x)"
> and "\<lbrakk>\<forall>x\<in>set bs. key a \<le> key x; sorted (map key bs)\<rbrakk>
> \<Longrightarrow> \<forall>x\<in>set (descending key a bs xs). sorted (map key x)"
> by (induct xs and a f xs and a bs xs rule: sequences_ascending_descending.induct)
> (simp_all add: sorted_append sorted_Cons,
> metis append_Cons append_Nil le_less_linear order_trans,
> metis less_le less_trans)
>
> lemma
> shows multiset_of_sequences[simp]:
> "multiset_of (concat (sequences key xs)) = multiset_of xs"
> and "(\<And>x xs. multiset_of (f (x#xs)) = {#x#} + multiset_of (f []) + multiset_of xs)
> \<Longrightarrow> multiset_of (concat (ascending key a f xs)) = {#a#} + multiset_of (f []) + multiset_of xs"
> and "multiset_of (concat (descending key a bs xs)) = {#a#} + multiset_of bs + multiset_of xs"
> by (induct xs and a f xs and a bs xs rule: sequences_ascending_descending.induct)
> (simp_all add: ac_simps)
>
> lemma set_concat_merge_pairs[simp]:
> "set (concat (merge_pairs key xs)) = set (concat xs)"
> by (induct xs rule: merge_pairs.induct) (simp_all add: ac_simps)
>
> fun take_desc :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list" where
> "take_desc key a [] = [a]"
> | "take_desc key a (x#xs) = (if key x < key a
> then a # take_desc key x xs
> else [a])"
>
> fun drop_desc :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list" where
> "drop_desc key a [] = []"
> | "drop_desc key a (x#xs) = (if key x < key a
> then drop_desc key x xs
> else x#xs)"
>
> lemma take_desc_drop_desc[simp]:
> "take_desc key x xs @ drop_desc key x xs = x#xs"
> by (induct xs arbitrary: x) simp_all
>
> lemma descending_take_desc_drop_desc_conv[simp]:
> "descending key a bs xs
> = (rev (take_desc key a xs) @ bs) # sequences key (drop_desc key a xs)"
> proof (induct xs arbitrary: a bs)
> case (Cons x xs) thus ?case by (cases "key a < key x") simp_all
> qed simp
>
> fun take_asc :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list" where
> "take_asc key a [] = []"
> | "take_asc key a (x#xs) = (if \<not> key a > key x
> then x # take_asc key x xs
> else [])"
>
> fun drop_asc :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list" where
> "drop_asc key a [] = []"
> | "drop_asc key a (x#xs) = (if \<not> key a > key x
> then drop_asc key x xs
> else x#xs)"
>
> lemma take_asc_drop_asc[simp]:
> "take_asc key a xs @ drop_asc key a xs = xs"
> by (induct xs arbitrary: a) simp_all
>
> lemma ascending_take_asc_drop_asc_conv_gen:
> assumes "\<And>xs ys. f (xs at ys) = f xs @ ys"
> shows "ascending key a (f \<circ> op @ as) xs
> = (f as @ a # take_asc key a xs) # sequences key (drop_asc key a xs)"
> using assms
> proof (induct xs arbitrary: as a)
> case Nil thus ?case by simp
> next
> case (Cons x xs)
> show ?case
> proof (cases "key x < key a")
> case True with Cons show ?thesis by simp
> next
> case False
> with Cons(1)[of "x" "as@[a]"] and Cons(2)
> show ?thesis by (simp add: o_def)
> qed
> qed
>
> lemma ascending_take_asc_drop_asc_conv[simp]:
> "ascending key b (op # a) xs
> = (a # b # take_asc key b xs) # sequences key (drop_asc key b xs)"
> proof -
> let ?f = "op # a"
> have "\<And>xs ys. (op # a) (xs at ys) = (op # a) xs @ ys" by simp
> from ascending_take_asc_drop_asc_conv_gen[of ?f key b "[]" xs, OF this]
> show ?thesis by (simp add: o_def)
> qed
>
> lemma sequences_simp[simp]:
> "sequences key (a#b#xs) = (if key b < key a
> then (rev (take_desc key b xs)@[a]) # sequences key (drop_desc key b xs)
> else (a # b # take_asc key b xs) # sequences key (drop_asc key b xs))"
> by simp
> declare sequences.simps(1)[simp del]
>
> lemma length_drop_desc[termination_simp]:
> fixes xs::"'b list"
> shows "length (drop_desc key b xs) < Suc (Suc (length xs))"
> (is "?P b xs")
> proof (induct xs arbitrary: b rule: length_induct)
> fix xs::"'b list" and b
> assume IH: "\<forall>ys. length ys < length xs \<longrightarrow> (\<forall>x. ?P x ys)"
> show "?P b xs"
> proof (cases xs)
> case Nil thus ?thesis by simp
> next
> case (Cons y ys) with IH[rule_format, of ys y]
> show ?thesis by simp
> qed
> qed
>
> lemma length_drop_asc[termination_simp]:
> fixes xs::"'b list"
> shows "length (drop_asc key b xs) < Suc (Suc (length xs))"
> (is "?P b xs")
> proof (induct xs arbitrary: b rule: length_induct)
> fix xs::"'b list" and b
> assume IH: "\<forall>ys. length ys < length xs \<longrightarrow> (\<forall>x. ?P x ys)"
> show "?P b xs"
> proof (cases xs)
> case Nil thus ?thesis by simp
> next
> case (Cons y ys) with IH[rule_format, of ys y]
> show ?thesis by simp
> qed
> qed
>
> lemma sequences_induct[case_names Nil singleton IH]:
> assumes "\<And>key. P key []" and "\<And>key x. P key [x]"
> and "\<And>key a b xs.
> (key b < key a \<Longrightarrow> P key (drop_desc key b xs))
> \<Longrightarrow> (\<not> key b < key a \<Longrightarrow> P key (drop_asc key b xs))
> \<Longrightarrow> P key (a#b#xs)"
> shows "P key xs"
> using assms by (induction_schema) (pat_completeness, lexicographic_order)
>
> lemma take_desc_less:
> assumes "key x < key y"
> shows "\<forall>z\<in>set (take_desc key x xs). key z < key y"
> using assms
> by (induct xs arbitrary: x y) (auto, force)
>
> lemma take_desc_less':
> assumes "key x < key y"
> shows "\<forall>z\<in>set (rev (take_desc key x xs)). key y \<noteq> key z"
> using take_desc_less[of key x y, OF assms]
> unfolding less_le by force
>
> lemma filter_by_key_drop_desc[simp]:
> assumes "key b \<le> key x"
> shows "[y\<leftarrow>drop_desc key b xs . key x = key y] = [y\<leftarrow>xs . key x = key y]"
> using assms by (induct xs arbitrary: b) auto
>
> lemma filter_by_key_rev_take_desc[simp]:
> "[y\<leftarrow>rev (take_desc key b xs). key b = key y] = [b]"
> proof (cases xs)
> case Nil thus ?thesis by simp
> next
> case (Cons y ys)
> {
> assume "key y < key b"
> from filter_False[OF take_desc_less'[of key y b ys], OF this]
> have "[z\<leftarrow>rev (take_desc key y ys). key b = key z] = []" .
> }
> thus ?thesis by (simp add: Cons)
> qed
>
> lemma filter_by_key_take_desc'[simp]:
> assumes "key b < key a"
> shows "[y\<leftarrow>rev (take_desc key b xs). key a = key y] = []"
> using filter_False[OF take_desc_less'[of key b a, OF assms]] .
>
> lemma length_rev_take_desc:
> "length [y\<leftarrow>rev (take_desc key b xs). key x = key y] \<le> Suc 0"
> by (induct xs arbitrary: b) simp_all
>
> lemma rev_take_desc_fiter_key_conv[simp]:
> "[y\<leftarrow>rev (take_desc key b xs). key x = key y]
> = [y\<leftarrow>take_desc key b xs. key x = key y]"
> (is "?xs = ?ys")
> proof -
> from length_rev_take_desc[of key x b xs]
> have "length ?xs = 0 \<or> length ?xs = Suc 0" by arith
> thus ?thesis
> proof
> assume "length ?xs = 0"
> hence "?xs = []" by simp
> thus ?thesis unfolding rev_filter[symmetric] rev_is_Nil_conv by simp
> next
> assume "length ?xs = Suc 0"
> then obtain a where a: "?xs = [a]" by (cases "?xs") simp_all
> show ?thesis
> using a[unfolded rev_filter[symmetric],
> unfolded rev_singleton_conv, unfolded a[symmetric], symmetric] .
> qed
> qed
>
> lemma filter_by_key_take_desc[simp]:
> "[y\<leftarrow>take_desc key b xs. key b = key y] = [b]"
> proof -
> from filter_by_key_rev_take_desc[of key b xs]
> show ?thesis unfolding rev_filter[symmetric]
> unfolding rev_singleton_conv by simp
> qed
>
> lemmas [simp] = filter_by_key_take_desc'[simplified]
>
> lemma filter_take_asc_drop_asc[simp]:
> "filter P (take_asc key x xs) @ filter P (drop_asc key x xs)
> = filter P xs"
> by (simp add: filter_append[symmetric])
>
> lemma filter_take_desc_drop_desc[simp]:
> "filter P (take_desc key x xs) @ filter P (drop_desc key x xs)
> = filter P (x#xs)"
> by (simp add: filter_append[symmetric])
>
> lemma filter_by_key_sequences[simp]:
> "[y\<leftarrow>concat (sequences key xs). key x = key y]
> = [y\<leftarrow>xs. key x = key y]" (is "?P key xs")
> by (induct key xs rule: sequences_induct) auto
>
> lemma set_merge_all[simp]: "set (merge_all key xs) = set (concat xs)"
> by (induct xs rule: merge_all.induct)
> (simp_all del: set_concat merge_pairs.simps)
>
> lemma merge_Nil2[simp]: "merge key xs [] = xs" by (cases xs) simp_all
>
> lemma merge_simp[simp]:
> assumes "sorted (map key xs)"
> shows "merge key xs (y#ys)
> = takeWhile (\<lambda>x. key x \<le> key y) xs
> @ y#merge key (dropWhile (\<lambda>x. key x \<le> key y) xs) ys"
> using assms by (induct xs arbitrary: y ys) (auto simp: sorted_Cons)
>
> lemma sorted_merge_induct[consumes 1, case_names Nil IH]:
> fixes key::"'b \<Rightarrow> 'a"
> assumes "sorted (map key xs)"
> and "\<And>xs. P key xs []"
> and "\<And>xs y ys. sorted (map key xs) \<Longrightarrow>
> P key (dropWhile (\<lambda>x. key x \<le> key y) xs) ys
> \<Longrightarrow> P key xs (y#ys)"
> shows "P key xs ys"
> using assms(1)
> proof (induct "xs at ys" arbitrary: xs ys rule: length_induct)
> fix xs ys::"'b list"
> assume IH[rule_format]: "\<forall>zs. length zs < length (xs at ys) \<longrightarrow>
> (\<forall>us vs. zs = us @ vs \<longrightarrow> sorted (map key us) \<longrightarrow> P key us vs)"
> and sorted: "sorted (map key xs)"
> let ?f = "\<lambda>y xs. dropWhile (\<lambda>x. key x \<le> key y) xs"
> show "P key xs ys"
> proof (cases ys)
> case Nil thus ?thesis using assms(2) by simp
> next
> case (Cons v vs)
> show ?thesis unfolding Cons
> proof (rule assms(3)[OF sorted])
> show "P key (?f v xs) vs"
> proof (rule IH)
> show "length (?f v xs @ vs) < length (xs at ys)"
> unfolding Cons using length_dropWhile_le[of "\<lambda>x. key x \<le> key v" xs]
> unfolding length_append list.size by simp
> next
> show "?f v xs @ vs = ?f v xs @ vs" by simp
> next
> show "sorted (map key (?f v xs))"
> using sorted_dropWhile[OF sorted, of "\<lambda>x. x \<le> key v"]
> unfolding dropWhile_map o_def .
> qed
> qed
> qed
> qed
>
> lemma filter_by_key_dropWhile[simp]:
> assumes "sorted (map key xs)"
> shows "[y\<leftarrow>dropWhile (\<lambda>x. key x \<le> key z) xs. key z = key y] = []"
> (is "[y\<leftarrow>dropWhile ?P xs. key z = key y] = []")
> using assms
> proof (induct xs rule: rev_induct)
> case Nil thus ?case by simp
> next
> case (snoc x xs)
> hence IH: "[y\<leftarrow>dropWhile ?P xs. key z = key y] = []"
> by (auto simp: sorted_append)
> show ?case
> proof (cases "\<forall>z\<in>set xs. ?P z")
> case True
> show ?thesis
> using dropWhile_append2[of xs ?P "[x]"] and True by simp
> next
> case False
> then obtain a where a: "a \<in> set xs" "\<not> ?P a" by auto
> show ?thesis
> unfolding dropWhile_append1[of a xs ?P, OF a]
> using snoc and False by (auto simp: IH sorted_append)
> qed
> qed
>
> lemma filter_by_key_takeWhile[simp]:
> assumes "sorted (map key xs)"
> shows "[y\<leftarrow>takeWhile (\<lambda>x. key x \<le> key z) xs. key z = key y]
> = [y\<leftarrow>xs. key z = key y]"
> (is "[y\<leftarrow>takeWhile ?P xs. key z = key y] = _")
> using assms
> proof (induct xs rule: rev_induct)
> case Nil thus ?case by simp
> next
> case (snoc x xs)
> hence IH: "[y\<leftarrow>takeWhile ?P xs. key z = key y] = [y\<leftarrow>xs. key z = key y]"
> by (auto simp: sorted_append)
> show ?case
> proof (cases "\<forall>z\<in>set xs. ?P z")
> case True
> show ?thesis
> using takeWhile_append2[of xs ?P "[x]"] and True by simp
> next
> case False
> then obtain a where a: "a \<in> set xs" "\<not> ?P a" by auto
> show ?thesis
> unfolding takeWhile_append1[of a xs ?P, OF a]
> using snoc and False by (auto simp: IH sorted_append)
> qed
> qed
>
> lemma filter_takeWhile_dropWhile_id[simp]:
> "filter P (takeWhile Q xs) @ filter P (dropWhile Q xs)
> = filter P xs"
> by (simp add: filter_append[symmetric])
>
> lemma filter_by_key_merge_is_append[simp]:
> assumes "sorted (map key xs)"
> shows "[y\<leftarrow>merge key xs ys. key x = key y]
> = [y\<leftarrow>xs. key x = key y] @ [y\<leftarrow>ys. key x = key y]"
> (is "?P xs ys")
> using assms by (induct key xs ys rule: sorted_merge_induct) auto
>
> lemma filter_by_key_merge_pairs[simp]:
> assumes "\<forall>xs\<in>set xss. sorted (map key xs)"
> shows "[y\<leftarrow>concat (merge_pairs key xss). key x = key y]
> = [y\<leftarrow>concat xss. key x = key y]"
> using assms by (induct xss rule: merge_pairs.induct) simp_all
>
> lemma filter_by_key_merge_all[simp]:
> assumes "\<forall>xs\<in>set xss. sorted (map key xs)"
> shows "[y\<leftarrow>merge_all key xss. key x = key y]
> = [y\<leftarrow>concat xss. key x = key y]"
> using assms by (induct xss rule: merge_all.induct) simp_all
>
> lemma filter_by_key_merge_all_sequences[simp]:
> "[x\<leftarrow>merge_all key (sequences key xs) . key y = key x]
> = [x\<leftarrow>xs . key y = key x]"
> using sorted_sequences[of key xs] by simp
>
> lemma sort_key_merge_all_sequences:
> "sort_key key = merge_all key \<circ> sequences key"
> by (intro ext properties_for_sort_key)
> (simp_all add: sorted_merge_all[OF sorted_sequences])
>
> text {*
> Replace existing code equations for @{const sort_key} by
> @{term "merge_all key \<circ> sequences key"}.
> *}
> declare sort_key_merge_all_sequences[code]
>
> end
>
> end
>
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